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Canine Mendelian disease record

Lung Developmental Disease (Discovered in the Airedale Terrier)

Lung Developmental Disease (Discovered in the Airedale Terrier). Autosomal recessive. Observed in 2 of 266 breeds tested in the Sniff Atlas, with measured carrier frequencies drawn from 242,665 dogs (Donner 2023). Per-dog phenotype outcome depends on penetrance, modifiers, and environment; the carrier frequencies below describe variant prevalence, not disease incidence.

OMIA identifier
OMIA:002251-9615
Autosomal recessive
Source dataset
Sniff Atlas v1.0.1 / DOI
About this disease

From OMIA's curated record

Documented in OMIA (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals). This describes the disease as recorded in the published literature, not a prediction for any individual dog. As of 2026-06-03.

Clinical features

Dillard et al. (2020): "All 25 affected puppies were born at term with normal delivery. One was stillborn. Six (24%) were lethargic at birth, refused to suckle and developed dyspnea or tachypnea and died or were humanely euthanized at 4–18 hours later. The rest of the puppies (72%) were initially normal until the difficulties in breathing started. Most of these puppies died during one to four days (64%), except one puppy that survived for 7 days and one up to 4 weeks. Full necropsy was performed for the 25 puppies and the main lesion was in the lungs. The lungs of all the puppies, except the 4-week-old, were edematous, congested and appeared poorly aerated . . . . At four weeks the lungs had a rubbery texture and marked emphysema . . . . No significant macroscopic changes were detected in other organs."

Molecular genetics

Dillard et al. (2020): "A combined approach of genome-wide association study and whole exome sequencing identified a recessive variant, c.1159G>A, p.(E387K), in LAMP3, a limiting membrane protein of the cytoplasmic surfactant organelles in AECII [alveolar epithelial type II] cells".

Prevalence

Dillard et al. (2020) genotyped the LAMP3 likely causal variant "in 371 affected and control AT dogs and found that . . . [the variant] fully segregated with the disease under recessive model (25/371 homozygous mutant, 77/371 heterozygous carrier, 269/371 homozygous wild type) . . . . In this cohort, the carrier frequency was 20.6%. . . . Finally, to investigate the breed specificity of the LAMP3 variant, we screened additional 6940 dogs from 297 breeds, including eight Airedale Terriers . . . . Only one heterozygous dog, an Airedale Terrier, was identified, which indicates that the LAMP3 variant is specific to the breed".

Inheritance

Dillard et al. (2020) genotyped "20 additional adult, non-affected AT dogs" for the LAMP3 variant. "As they were screened, one of these dogs, a dam that had had a litter that included affected puppies, turned out to be homozygous for the LAMP3 variant . . . . At the time of sampling, the dam was 6 years of age and, according to its owner, had been clinically healthy all its life without any signs of respiratory disease. To study the possible differences of the variants in the associated locus between the dam and the affected puppy, the whole genome of the dam was also sequenced and compared with the affected puppy. This analysis did not reveal any dam-specific heterozygous variants, which would have indicated that our LAMP3 variant is not causal but instead in LD with the true disease-causing variant. In contrast, this result suggests that the dam may have an unknown protective variant".

History

This canine disorder was first described by Dillard et al. (2020), who also reported discovering a likely causal variant.

Human analog

OMIA links this condition to the human gene record in OMIM (Mendelian Inheritance in Man), the place to read across to the deeper human literature for the same biology.

Gene · OMIM 605883

Source: OMIA (Nicholas, Tammen & the Sydney Informatics Hub), entry OMIA:002251-9615, doi:10.25910/2AMR-PV70 (CC-BY 4.0).

The evidence

Published references

The peer-reviewed papers behind this disease, curated by OMIA. Starred entries are OMIA-designated landmark papers.

References curated by OMIA (Nicholas, Tammen & the Sydney Informatics Hub), doi:10.25910/2AMR-PV70 (CC-BY 4.0). Full list at the OMIA entry.

Predict a litter

Set each parent's status for Lung Developmental Disease (Discovered in the Airedale Terrier) and see the odds for their puppies. Single recessive variant, exact Mendelian math.

Parent A
Parent B
NNClear
NmCarrier
NmCarrier
mmAffected
Clear25%
Carrier50%
Affected25%

These are the genetic odds for one known variant, not a promise: a real litter varies around them, and penetrance or other genes can change whether the condition ever appears. Use it to avoid pairing two carriers and to keep a line healthy, not to engineer a dog. Inheritance mode per OMIA.
Your breed

See what Lung Developmental Disease (Discovered in the Airedale Terrier) looks like in your dog's breed.
Carrier frequency by breed

Top 2 well-sampled breeds (n ≥ 50)

Maximum per breed across variants in the Donner 2023 cohort, with . The list below is split into well-sampled breeds (n ≥ 50 tested) and small-sample breeds (n < 50, where the Wilson CI typically spans more than 20 percentage points and frequencies should not be compared directly to the well-sampled entries). Frequencies are population-level, not per-litter or per-line.

0%5%10%
Airedale Terrier2.8% · n 200
American Staffordshire Terrier<0.1% · n 42,793
n = 42,993 dogs · Donner et al. 2023 carrier-screening cohort · Sniff Atlas
Each bar is one well-sampled breed; the whisker is its Wilson 95% CI, and fainter bars have wider intervals. Frequencies are population-level, not per-litter. Carrier status for Lung Developmental Disease (Discovered in the Airedale Terrier) is measured; phenotype outcome depends on penetrance and modifiers.
▸ Full table with Wilson 95% confidence intervals
Breed Carrier frequency n tested
Airedale Terrier 2.8% 200
American Staffordshire Terrier <0.1% 42,793

264 additional breeds in the Donner 2023 cohort were tested but showed no carriers.

Scope of this record

Scope

This record carries the breed-level carrier frequencies from the Donner 2023 cohort. Penetrance data (the fraction of at-risk dogs that develop the phenotype) is not yet quantified for this disease in the Sniff Atlas v1.0.1. The OMIA entry is the authoritative reference for the clinical phenotype, inheritance pattern, and gene assignment.

Predicted disease relevance at the per-dog level is UNPROVEN. The carrier frequency is measured; phenotype outcome depends on penetrance, environment, and modifier loci. Consult a veterinarian for clinical interpretation.

How to cite this record

Citations

If you use this record in published work, cite the Sniff Atlas (the published dataset that carries the breed-level carrier frequencies) and the upstream sources:

  • Sniff Atlas v1.0.1 for the per-breed carrier frequencies:

    Gehring, M. (2026). Sniff Atlas v1.0.1. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20566358. CC-BY 4.0.

  • OMIA for the disease definition, inheritance, and gene assignment:

    Nicholas, F. W., & Tammen, I. (2024). OMIA. Sydney Informatics Hub, The University of Sydney. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70. Entry: OMIA:002251-9615.

  • Donner et al. 2023 for the breed × variant carrier-frequency cohort:

    Donner, J., Freyer, J., Davison, S., Anderson, H., Blades, M., Honkanen, L., et al. (2023). Genetic prevalence and clinical relevance of canine Mendelian disease variants in over one million dogs. PLOS Genetics, 19(2), e1010651. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010651.

Full citation formats (BibTeX, RIS, CITATION.cff) at sniff.world/cite.

Related

Related

Last updated
Sources: Sniff Atlas v1.0.1 · OMIA OMIA:002251-9615 · Donner et al. 2023